1. Introduction
The shoulder examination assesses the glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular joint, clavicle, scapula and surrounding soft tissues. It is useful for rotator cuff disease, adhesive capsulitis, arthritis and instability.
2. Look, feel, move
Inspect both shoulders from the front, side and back for asymmetry, muscle wasting, swelling, scars and deformity. Palpate key bony landmarks and areas of tenderness. Assess active then passive movements, comparing sides.
3. Special tests
Useful undergraduate special tests include painful arc, resisted external rotation and empty can for rotator cuff pathology. Instability tests should only be performed if indicated and with care.
4. Completion
To complete the examination, examine the cervical spine and perform a focused neurovascular examination of the upper limb if relevant.
Preparation
Inspection
Palpation
Movement
Special tests
Completion